How to answer "Evaluate" questions
Evaluate means: Use evidence to weigh advantages against disadvantages, then reach a supported judgement.
Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).
AO3 (analyse/evaluate) — high tariff, often 4–6 marks. · Also phrased as: weigh up, assess
What the examiner is looking for
- Give points FOR and points AGAINST, using the data or context given.
- Refer to the actual evidence/figures in the question, not just general opinion.
- End with a clear, JUSTIFIED conclusion — a decision, not a fence-sit.
How to structure your answer
- Advantages (with evidence) → disadvantages (with evidence) → conclusion.
- For a 6-marker, aim for ~2–3 points each side plus a reasoned conclusion.
- Your conclusion must follow from the evidence you gave.
Worked example
Q: Evaluate the use of stem cells to treat disease. (4 marks)
Model answer: Advantages: stem cells can differentiate into many cell types so may replace damaged tissue (e.g. in diabetes or paralysis), potentially curing conditions with no other treatment [1][1]. Disadvantages: embryonic stem cells raise ethical objections as an embryo is destroyed, and there is a risk of rejection or tumour formation [1]. Conclusion: the benefits can outweigh the risks where no alternative treatment exists, provided adult or induced stem cells are used to reduce ethical concerns [1].
Common mistakes
- Giving only one side (all pros or all cons).
- No conclusion, or a conclusion that ignores the evidence given.
- Vague "it is good/bad" statements with no scientific reason.
Practise it
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