How to answer exam questions

Every GCSE and A-Level Science question starts with a command word that tells you exactly what the examiner wants. Get it wrong and you lose marks even when you know the science. Here's how to answer each one.

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

"Describe" — Set out the main features or what happens — no reason needed.
"Explain" — Say how or WHY something happens — give the reasons, linked with causal words.
"Evaluate" — Use evidence to weigh advantages against disadvantages, then reach a supported judgement.
"Discuss" — Present different points of view or factors in detail — a balanced exploration.
"Justify" — Give evidence or reasons to SUPPORT a statement, decision or conclusion.
"Suggest" — Apply your knowledge to an unfamiliar situation where there may be no single "right" answer.
"Compare" — Give the similarities AND/OR differences between two or more things.
"Calculate" — Work out a numerical value, showing your working.
"Define" — Give the precise meaning of a term.
"State" — Give a brief, factual answer — no explanation.
"Analyse" — Break down data or information and interpret what it shows.
"Outline" — Give the main points briefly, without full detail.
"Determine" — Use the data or information given to work out (usually calculate) an answer.
"Give" — Give a short, factual answer with no explanation (like "state").
"Complete" — Fill in the missing information in a table, diagram, equation or sentence.
"Show that" — Work through the steps to arrive at a given answer, showing all your working.

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