Explain why a chloroplast and a cell wall are found in plant cells but not in animal cells, and explain how each structure is related to its function.

Chloroplasts are present in plant cells because plants photosynthesise and therefore need a specialised organelle to convert light energy into chemical energy. The chloroplast contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light and drives the light‑dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

A cell wall is found in plant cells because it provides rigid support, gives shape and prevents the cell from bursting when water enters. The wall is made of cellulose, a strong polysaccharide.

Animal cells lack chloroplasts because they do not photosynthesise and lack the machinery to capture light energy. They also lack a cell wall because their flexible plasma membrane is sufficient for their needs and animals rely on an internal skeleton for support.