Describe how HIV is transmitted between individuals and explain how the use of condoms and abstinence can reduce the spread of HIV.

Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610) — 16.5 Sexually transmitted infections · Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

HIV is transmitted by direct contact with infected body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk.
HIV is most commonly spread through sexual contact or intercourse.
Condoms act as a physical barrier that prevents the exchange of infected body fluids during sexual intercourse.
Abstinence eliminates sexual intercourse entirely, so there is no risk of HIV being transmitted sexually.

Examiner tips

  • Use the exact phrase ‘direct contact with infected body fluids’ for full credit.
  • Mention both ‘sexual contact’ and ‘intercourse’ to cover all required points.
  • Explain condoms as a physical barrier and abstinence as elimination of risk.
  • Keep the answer concise and to the point.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. HIV is transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids
  2. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact / intercourse
  3. Condoms act as a physical barrier that prevents the exchange of infected body fluids during sexual intercourse
  4. Abstinence eliminates sexual intercourse entirely, so there is no risk of HIV being transmitted sexually

Key terms in this question

HIV · abstinence · condom

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