A farmer is considering changes to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from their farm. Describe two human activities carried out on farms that increase greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere and explain why action to reduce these emissions may be limited.

1. Raising livestock, especially cattle, produces large amounts of methane (CH₄) through enteric fermentation.
2. The decay of organic farm waste in landfill sites releases methane (CH₄) as the waste breaks down anaerobically.
3. Reducing these emissions is costly; it requires investment in new technology or infrastructure that many farmers cannot afford.
4. Cutting livestock numbers or changing waste management reduces land available for production, lowering the farm’s productivity and food output.