The Arctic fox lives in extremely cold environments. Describe four adaptive features of the Arctic fox that increase its chance of survival in its environment.

Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610) — 18.2 Adaptive features · Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

The Arctic fox lives in the Arctic tundra, where temperatures can fall well below freezing. It is a predator that hunts small mammals and birds.

Model answer (4 marks)

1. Thick, dense fur that reduces heat loss and provides insulation.
2. White fur that offers camouflage in the snowy environment.
3. Small ears and a compact body shape that minimise surface area and heat loss.
4. Large paws with fur that spreads weight on snow and provides grip and insulation on ice.

Examiner tips

Use the exact wording from the mark scheme (e.g., "thick fur", "white fur", "small ears", "large paws").
Show each feature as a separate point to match the four marks.
Include the function of each feature (insulation, camouflage, reduced heat loss, grip).

Common mistakes

Mixing up the function of fur and paws; forgetting to mention insulation for fur or grip for paws.
Using vague terms like "good fur" or "cold‑adapted body" instead of the specific features listed.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

Thick fur / dense coat to reduce heat loss / provide insulation
White fur / coat for camouflage in snow to avoid detection by prey or predators
Small ears / compact body shape to reduce surface area and minimise heat loss
Large paws / fur on paws to spread weight on snow / provide grip or insulation on ice

Key terms in this question

adaptive feature · survival