Explain why the binomial system of nomenclature is used by scientists worldwide when classifying organisms, rather than using local common names.

OCR A-Level Biology A (H420) — 4.3 Classification and evolution · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

A flowering plant found in the rainforests of Brazil is known by at least six different common names depending on the region and language of the local community. When a research team publishes their findings on this plant's ecology, they use a single two-part Latin name throughout their paper.

Model answer (4 marks)

The binomial system gives every species a single, internationally recognised name that all scientists can use, regardless of their native language or country.

Common names differ from one region or language to another and sometimes the same name is applied to several different species, which can lead to confusion.

Each binomial is unique: the genus name is followed by the specific epithet, so a single species can be identified without ambiguity.

Because the names are written in Latin, a dead language, they do not change with everyday language use and remain stable over time.

Examiner tips

  • Use the phrase ‘universal/internationally agreed name’ to hit the first point. Mention that common names vary and can refer to different species for the second point. State that the binomial is unique and prevents misidentification for the third. Explain the use of Latin as a dead language for stability for the fourth.

Common mistakes

  • Writing only the genus name or only the species name. Forgetting to mention that Latin is a dead language. Using informal language such as ‘global name’ instead of ‘universal name’.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. The binomial system provides a universal/internationally agreed name, understood by scientists regardless of language or country
  2. Common names vary between regions/languages and can refer to different species, causing confusion or ambiguity
  3. Each binomial name is unique to one species, with the genus name followed by the species name, preventing misidentification
  4. The use of Latin (a dead language) means the names remain stable over time and are not subject to change through everyday language use

Key terms in this question

binomial system · nomenclature

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