Describe the structure of an atom, including the location and relative charge of each type of subatomic particle.

Eduqas A-Level Physics — 1.7 Particles and nuclear structure · Describe · 5 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (5 marks)

The nucleus is at the centre of the atom.
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
Protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge (neutral).
Electrons orbit/are arranged around the nucleus (in shells / at a relatively large distance from the nucleus).
Electrons have a negative charge.

Examiner tips

Use the word "describe" to list each part and its charge. Mention the nucleus first, then the electrons. Include the charge of each particle. Keep the answer concise to fit the 5 marks.

Common mistakes

Forgetting to state that neutrons are neutral. Saying electrons are in the nucleus instead of orbiting it. Using vague terms like "inside" instead of "orbit" or "shells".

Mark scheme (5 marks)

The nucleus is at the centre of the atom
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge (neutral)
Electrons orbit/are arranged around the nucleus (in shells / at a relatively large distance from the nucleus)
Electrons have a negative charge

Key terms in this question

charge