Describe the structure of a sperm cell and explain how its features are adapted for its function.

Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610) — 16.4 Sexual reproduction in humans · Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

The sperm cell has a head that contains a haploid nucleus.
The head also contains an acrosome which releases enzymes to penetrate the egg cell.
The midpiece contains many mitochondria that provide ATP for movement.
The flagellum (tail) propels the sperm cell towards the egg cell.

Examiner tips

Use the exact terminology (head, acrosome, midpiece, flagellum).
Show the link between structure and function for each part.
Keep each point brief – one sentence per feature.
Use UK spelling (e.g., ‘sperm cell’).

Common mistakes

Confusing the acrosome with the nucleus.
Omitting the flagellum or describing it as a ‘tail’ only.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

The sperm cell has a head containing a haploid nucleus
The head contains an acrosome that releases enzymes to penetrate the egg cell
The midpiece contains many mitochondria to provide energy (ATP) for movement
The flagellum (tail) propels the sperm cell to move towards the egg cell

Key terms in this question

sperm cell