Describe the stages of mitosis and explain why it is important that the two daughter cells produced are genetically identical to the parent cell.

AQA A-Level Biology (7402) — 3.2.2 Cell Replication · Describe · 5 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (5 marks)

1. DNA replication occurs before division, producing identical sister chromatids.
2. In prophase, chromosomes condense and align at the metaphase plate.
3. During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.
4. Telophase and cytokinesis complete the process, forming two daughter cells.
5. The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent so they can perform the same functions, replace damaged cells, and support growth and repair.

Examiner tips

  • Use the sequence: replication → prophase → metaphase → anaphase → telophase/cytokinesis. Show that identical chromatids are pulled apart. Explain genetic identity in terms of function, repair and growth.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing mitosis with meiosis. Omitting the replication step. Failing to state that the cells are identical, not just similar.

Mark scheme (5 marks)

  1. The cell/chromosomes are copied/duplicated before division (DNA replication occurs)
  2. The chromosomes line up along the centre/middle of the cell
  3. Copies of chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends/poles of the cell
  4. The cell divides/cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells
  5. Genetic identity is important so that the new cells can carry out the same functions / replace damaged or worn-out cells correctly / for growth and repair

Key terms in this question

mitosis · daughter cells · genetically identical · parent cell

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