A wind farm generates electricity using renewable energy resources. Describe what happens to the electricity generated at the wind farm before it reaches homes and businesses, and explain why each step is necessary.

The wind farm uses a generator that produces electricity at a relatively low voltage. A transformer at the farm steps this voltage up to a high level (for example 132 kV). The high‑voltage electricity is then fed into the National Grid and transmitted over long‑distance power cables. After travelling through the grid, another transformer steps the voltage back down to a lower, safer level (for example 230 V) before the supply reaches homes and businesses.

Each step is necessary: stepping up the voltage reduces current for a given power, which minimises resistive (I²R) losses in the cables and makes long‑distance transmission efficient. Stepping down the voltage at the end of the transmission line is required so that the electricity is at a safe, usable level for domestic and commercial appliances.