A hospital uses both X-rays and gamma rays in its medical department. Describe one use of each type of radiation and explain one hazard that is common to both, including a precaution that should be taken to reduce the risk.
Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).
Model answer (4 marks)
X‑rays are used for medical imaging, for example to detect broken bones and to view internal structures.
Gamma rays are used to sterilise medical equipment (or to treat cancer).
Both X‑rays and gamma rays are ionising radiation; they can damage DNA and cause mutations that may lead to cancer.
To reduce the risk, exposure should be minimised and protective shielding such as lead aprons or walls should be used, and staff should leave the room during procedures.
Gamma rays are used to sterilise medical equipment (or to treat cancer).
Both X‑rays and gamma rays are ionising radiation; they can damage DNA and cause mutations that may lead to cancer.
To reduce the risk, exposure should be minimised and protective shielding such as lead aprons or walls should be used, and staff should leave the room during procedures.
Examiner tips
- Use the exact terms ‘X‑rays’ and ‘gamma rays’; give one clear example for each. State the common hazard as ‘ionising radiation can damage DNA and cause cancer’. Mention a specific precaution – e.g. ‘minimise exposure and use lead shielding’.”]
- common_mistakes
- :
- Confusing X‑rays with gamma rays or giving non‑medical uses. Omitting the word ‘ionising’ when describing the hazard. Failing to name a concrete precaution such as lead shielding or leaving the room.
Mark scheme (4 marks)
- X-rays are used for medical imaging (e.g. detecting broken bones / internal structures)
- Gamma rays are used for sterilising food and/or medical equipment, OR detecting/treating cancers
- Both X-rays and gamma rays are ionising radiation that can cause mutations / cell damage leading to cancer
- Precaution: exposure should be minimised / protective shielding (e.g. lead) should be used / staff should leave the room during X-ray procedures
Key terms in this question
Related
- All Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics (4PH1) revision notes →
- How to answer a "Describe" question →
- Decode the mark scheme abbreviations →
More The electromagnetic spectrum questions
- Radio waves are used for broadcasting television and radio signals. Explain why …
- Electromagnetic waves can be grouped into different types, each with different u…
- Explain why radio waves are used for broadcasting television and radio signals o…
- Ultraviolet radiation and X-rays are both part of the electromagnetic spectrum. …