Making a soluble salt — required practical

AQA GCSE Chemistry

Prepare pure, dry crystals of a soluble salt (e.g. copper sulfate) from an insoluble base and an acid.

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Method

  1. Warm dilute sulfuric acid, then add copper oxide a little at a time until it is in excess (no more dissolves).
  2. Filter to remove the excess copper oxide, leaving copper sulfate solution.
  3. Heat the solution to evaporate some water (to the point of crystallisation), then leave to cool and crystallise.
  4. Pat the crystals dry with filter paper.

Results & analysis

Adding the base in excess ensures all the acid reacts; filtering removes the unreacted excess; slow crystallisation gives pure crystals.

Risk assessment

  • Wear eye protection; take care heating acid — do not evaporate to dryness (spitting).

Improving accuracy & reliability

  • Add the base until it is in excess so no acid remains.
  • Do not evaporate to dryness — leave to crystallise slowly for better crystals.
Exam tip: The classic exam sequence: react with excess base → filter → crystallise. Know why each step is done.

▶ Practise a required-practical exam question and get it marked (free) →

More Chemistry required practicals