When an aircraft is being refuelled, a large amount of static charge can build up on the aircraft. Explain why this build-up of static charge is dangerous and describe one safety measure used to prevent harm.

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics (4PH1) — 2.3 Electric charge · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

During refuelling, fuel flows rapidly through a pipe into the aircraft's fuel tank. This process can cause electrons to be transferred between surfaces, leading to a build-up of static charge on the aircraft.

Model answer (4 marks)

The static charge can build up on the aircraft’s surface.
1. The charge can create a spark.
2. The spark can ignite the fuel vapour, causing a fire or explosion.
3. An earthing wire is connected to the aircraft (or the refuelling pump).
4. The earthing wire provides a low‑resistance path for the electrons to flow to the earth, preventing the charge from building up.

Examiner tips

  • Use the exact terms ‘spark’, ‘ignite’, ‘earthing wire’, ‘low‑resistance path’
  • Show the causal chain: charge → spark → ignition
  • Mention the purpose of the earthing wire
  • Keep the answer concise and to the point

Common mistakes

  • Confusing static charge with electrical current
  • Failing to explain the role of the earthing wire
  • Using vague terms like ‘grounding’ instead of ‘earthing wire’

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. The build-up of static charge can create a spark
  2. The spark can ignite the fuel, causing a fire or explosion
  3. An earthing wire is connected to the aircraft (or pump)
  4. The earthing wire provides a low-resistance path for electrons to flow to the earth, preventing charge from building up

Key terms in this question

static charge

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