State two characteristic reactions of acids with metals and describe what is observed in each reaction. For each reaction, name one product formed.
Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).
Model answer (4 marks)
1. Acid + metal:
Observation: effervescence (bubbles) as hydrogen gas is released.
Product: hydrogen gas and a metal salt.
2. Acid + metal carbonate (or oxide/hydroxide):
Observation: effervescence (bubbles) as carbon dioxide gas is released (or the solid dissolves).
Product: carbon dioxide gas (and a metal salt, plus water if oxide/hydroxide).
Observation: effervescence (bubbles) as hydrogen gas is released.
Product: hydrogen gas and a metal salt.
2. Acid + metal carbonate (or oxide/hydroxide):
Observation: effervescence (bubbles) as carbon dioxide gas is released (or the solid dissolves).
Product: carbon dioxide gas (and a metal salt, plus water if oxide/hydroxide).
Examiner tips
- Use the word "effervescence" to show bubbles. Include the gas produced (H₂ or CO₂) and the salt formed. Mention the solid dissolving for oxides/hydroxides.
- common_mistakes
- :
- Writing "gas released" without naming H₂ or CO₂. For the carbonate reaction, forgetting to mention the salt. Using "gas" instead of "hydrogen" or "carbon dioxide".
Mark scheme (4 marks)
- Acids react with (reactive) metals
- Bubbles / effervescence observed; hydrogen gas produced
- Acids react with metal carbonates (or metal oxides / metal hydroxides)
- Correct observation and named product for the second reaction — e.g. for carbonates: bubbles/effervescence and carbon dioxide produced; for oxides/hydroxides: solid dissolves and a salt (and water) is formed
Key terms in this question
Related
- All Cambridge International IGCSE Chemistry (0620) revision notes →
- How to answer a "State" question →
- Decode the mark scheme abbreviations →
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