Propan-1-ol (C₃H₇OH) can be oxidised in the laboratory. Explain how propan-1-ol can be oxidised and what organic product is formed, and state what is meant by the term 'oxidation' in this context.

Edexcel A-Level Chemistry (9CH0) — 6.5 Alcohols and oxidation · Explain · 5 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Propan-1-ol is a member of the alcohol homologous series. Like other alcohols, it can undergo oxidation to form a new organic compound. Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution can be used as an oxidising agent for this reaction.

Model answer (5 marks)

Propan‑1‑ol is oxidised by (acidified) potassium dichromate(VI) – the dichromate ion is reduced from Cr(VI) to Cr(III), giving a colour change from orange to green. The alcohol is converted to propanoic acid (CH₃CH₂COOH). In this context, oxidation means the alcohol gains oxygen (or loses hydrogen) – the –OH group is transformed into a –COOH carboxyl group.

Examiner tips

  • Mention the oxidising agent and the colour change to show the reaction has taken place.
  • State the product as propanoic acid with its formula.
  • Explain oxidation as gain of oxygen (or loss of hydrogen) and conversion of –OH to –COOH.
  • Use correct chemical names and formulas.

Mark scheme (5 marks)

  1. Propan-1-ol is oxidised by (acidified) potassium dichromate(VI) / an oxidising agent
  2. The colour change of the potassium dichromate(VI) from orange to green shows oxidation has occurred
  3. The organic product formed is propanoic acid (C₂H₅COOH / CH₃CH₂COOH)
  4. Oxidation is the gain of oxygen (by the alcohol / organic molecule)
  5. The –OH functional group of the alcohol is converted to a –COOH (carboxyl) group during oxidation

Key terms in this question

oxidation

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