Explain why some people are concerned about the use of genetically modified (GM) crops.

Eduqas GCSE Biology — 7.4 Selective breeding and gene technology · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Genetically modified crops have been developed that are resistant to herbicides, allowing farmers to spray fields to kill weeds without damaging the crop. Some countries have restricted or banned the growing of GM crops.

Model answer (4 marks)

GM crops can spread their genes to wild relatives through pollen, creating herbicide‑resistant ‘superweeds’ that are harder to control.
The long‑term health effects of eating GM food are unknown and have not been fully tested.
GM varieties may reduce biodiversity by out‑competing native plants and harming other organisms in the ecosystem.

Examiner tips

  • Use the exact phrases from the mark scheme, e.g. ‘spread to wild plants’, ‘superweeds’, ‘long‑term effects’, ‘biodiversity’. Show the link between each concern and the potential impact. Keep the answer concise – one sentence per point – to hit all four marks.
  • Use UK spelling and avoid unnecessary words such as ‘for example’ or ‘in this case’.
  • Mention the specific risks (pollen spread, superweeds, health, biodiversity) rather than general concerns.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. GM genes could spread to wild plants / weeds via pollen
  2. This could produce 'superweeds' that are resistant to herbicides / difficult to control
  3. Long-term effects on human health of eating GM food are unknown / not fully tested
  4. GM crops could reduce biodiversity / harm other organisms in the ecosystem

Key terms in this question

genetically modified (GM)

Related

More Selective breeding and gene technology questions

▶ Try answering this question with AI marking (free) →