Explain why scientists believe the universe will continue to expand forever, and describe one piece of evidence that supports the idea that the universe began from a single point.

AQA A-Level Physics (7408) — 3.9.3 Cosmology · Explain · 5 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (5 marks)

The universe is currently expanding, as shown by the red‑shift of galaxies.
If the mass density of the universe is below the critical value, the gravitational pull is too weak to halt the expansion, so it will continue forever.
The presence of dark energy further accelerates the expansion, making an eternal expansion even more likely.
A key piece of evidence for a single‑point origin is the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which is detected uniformly across the sky.
The CMB is the remnant heat/energy from the Big Bang, indicating the universe began from a very hot, dense point.

Examiner tips

  • Mention red‑shift and critical density to hit the expansion points. Include dark energy as the modern explanation. State CMB as uniform background and link it to the Big Bang. Use exact terms: 'critical density', 'dark energy', 'CMB'.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing expansion with contraction. Forgetting to mention dark energy. Describing CMB as a single event rather than a uniform background.

Mark scheme (5 marks)

  1. The universe is currently expanding (galaxies are moving apart)
  2. If there is not enough mass/gravitational pull is too weak, expansion will continue indefinitely
  3. Dark energy accelerates the expansion, making it more likely to continue forever
  4. Cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is detected uniformly across the universe
  5. CMB radiation is the remnant heat/energy from the Big Bang, showing the universe started from a very hot, dense single point

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