Explain why offspring produced by sexual reproduction show variation, while offspring produced by asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent.

Eduqas GCSE Biology — 2.3.2 Inheritance · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes (fertilisation). Offspring inherit genetic material from two parents, producing new combinations of alleles. Asexual reproduction involves mitosis, producing genetically identical cells. Offspring in asexual reproduction receive genetic material from only one parent, so no new allele combinations are formed.

Examiner tips

  • Use the word ‘fusion’ or ‘fertilisation’ to show understanding of sexual reproduction. Mention ‘new combinations of alleles’ to hit the key point. For asexual reproduction, state ‘mitosis’ and ‘genetically identical’ clearly. Keep the answer concise and use correct terminology.
  • Ensure you cover both parts of the question – why variation occurs in sexual and why it does not in asexual.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes (fertilisation)
  2. Offspring inherit genetic material / alleles from two parents, producing new combinations of alleles
  3. Asexual reproduction involves mitosis / cell division producing genetically identical cells
  4. Offspring in asexual reproduction receive genetic material from only one parent, so no new allele combinations are formed

Key terms in this question

sexual reproduction · asexual reproduction · variation

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