Explain why a reduction in the gene pool makes an endangered species more vulnerable, and describe two conservation measures that could be used to protect forests from further destruction.

Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610) — 20.4 Conservation · Explain and Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

A reduction in the gene pool means fewer alleles are available within the species, so the species is less able to adapt to environmental changes or to resist disease.

To protect forests from further destruction:
1. Replanting trees or reforestation to restore deforested areas.
2. Establish protected areas or implement legal quotas to limit logging.

Examiner tips

  • Use the word ‘gene pool’ and explain its link to adaptation and disease resistance. Mention specific conservation actions (reforestation, protected areas, quotas).
  • Keep the answer concise – one sentence for each point – to fit the 4‑mark allocation.

Common mistakes

  • Using vague terms like ‘less diversity’ without linking to alleles. Failing to name a concrete conservation measure such as reforestation or protected areas.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. A reduced gene pool means fewer alleles are available within the species
  2. This makes the species less able to adapt to environmental changes or more susceptible to disease
  3. First conservation measure for forests — replanting trees / reforestation to restore deforested areas OR implementing legal quotas to limit the amount of logging
  4. Second conservation measure for forests — a different named measure, e.g. education of logging companies and consumers about sustainable practices OR protected areas

Key terms in this question

gene pool · endangered · conservation

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