Explain why a pregnant woman requires a greater amount of protein and calcium in her diet compared with a woman who is not pregnant.
Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).
Model answer (4 marks)
Protein is required for the growth of the foetus and for the production of new cells and proteins in the developing baby. It is also needed by the mother for repair of her own tissues and for the synthesis of enzymes and hormones during pregnancy.
Calcium is essential for the development of healthy bones and teeth in the foetus.
Because the pregnant woman must supply nutrients to the developing baby in addition to meeting her own physiological needs, the overall requirement for protein and calcium is greater than that of a non‑pregnant woman.
Calcium is essential for the development of healthy bones and teeth in the foetus.
Because the pregnant woman must supply nutrients to the developing baby in addition to meeting her own physiological needs, the overall requirement for protein and calcium is greater than that of a non‑pregnant woman.
Examiner tips
- Use the word ‘required’ and link protein to foetal growth and maternal tissue repair; link calcium to foetal bone/teeth development; explain the dual demand (mother + baby).
- Show the cause–effect relationship: pregnancy increases demand, so intake must rise.
- Keep the answer concise and use the exact terminology from the mark scheme.
Common mistakes
- Failing to mention both foetal and maternal needs for protein; confusing calcium with other minerals; giving a general statement about ‘more nutrients’ without specifying protein and calcium.
Mark scheme (4 marks)
- Protein is needed for growth / production of new cells / protein synthesis in the developing baby (foetus)
- Protein is needed by the mother for repair of her own tissues / production of enzymes / hormones during pregnancy
- Calcium is needed for the development of healthy bones and teeth in the developing baby
- The pregnant woman must supply nutrients to the developing baby as well as meeting her own requirements, so greater amounts are needed overall
Key terms in this question
Related
- All Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610) revision notes →
- How to answer a "Explain" question →
- Decode the mark scheme abbreviations →
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