Explain how the use of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity before a major development project begins.

IB DP Biology Standard Level (2023 syllabus) — A4.2 Conservation of biodiversity · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

1. EIAs identify the species and habitats present at the proposed site before any work starts.
2. They evaluate and predict potential negative impacts such as habitat destruction or corridor disruption.
3. Based on these findings, mitigation strategies are required or recommended.
4. EIAs give a legal basis to refuse or modify planning permission, protecting endangered or keystone species.

Examiner tips

  • Use the exact wording from the mark scheme; list points in order.
  • Show clear cause–effect links between identification, evaluation, mitigation and legal action.
  • Keep each point brief but complete.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. EIAs identify species or habitats present at the proposed development site before work begins
  2. Potential negative impacts on biodiversity (e.g. habitat destruction, disruption of corridors) are evaluated/predicted
  3. Mitigation strategies can be required or recommended as a result of the EIA findings
  4. EIAs provide a legal/regulatory basis for refusing or modifying planning permission, thereby protecting endangered or keystone species

Key terms in this question

biodiversity

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