Explain how the structure of a mitochondrion allows it to perform its function in cellular respiration.

A mitochondrion has an outer membrane and a highly‑folded inner membrane forming cristae. The inner membrane encloses the matrix, where the Krebs cycle occurs, and contains the electron‑transport chain complexes.

The folds increase surface area, allowing more enzymes and transporters to be embedded, which speeds up the transfer of electrons and the pumping of protons.

Because the inner membrane is impermeable to protons, a proton gradient is created across it. This gradient drives ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Thus, the double‑membrane structure with extensive cristae provides the necessary surface area and compartmentalisation for efficient oxidative phosphorylation, enabling the mitochondrion to generate the cell’s energy.