Explain how the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle bring about ovulation.

Edexcel GCSE Biology (1BI0) — 7.1 Hormonal coordination · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

The menstrual cycle is controlled by several hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and the ovaries. These hormones interact to regulate the development of a follicle and the release of an egg.

Model answer (4 marks)

1. FSH is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles.
2. The developing follicle produces oestrogen, which thickens the endometrium.
3. Rising oestrogen levels trigger a surge of LH from the pituitary.
4. The LH surge causes the mature follicle to rupture, releasing the egg (ovulation).

Examiner tips

  • Use the exact hormone names (FSH, LH, oestrogen) and their sources. Show the sequence: FSH → follicle growth → oestrogen → LH surge → ovulation. Keep each step brief but complete.
  • common_mistakes
  • :
  • Confusing LH with FSH or vice‑versa. Omitting the role of oestrogen in stimulating the LH surge. Using vague terms like "hormones" without naming them.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates follicle cells to mature
  2. The maturing follicle secretes oestrogen, which causes the uterus lining to thicken / rebuild
  3. Rising oestrogen levels stimulate the pituitary gland to release a surge of LH (luteinising hormone)
  4. LH initiates ovulation — the release of the mature egg from the follicle

Key terms in this question

ovulation · menstrual cycle

Related

More Hormonal coordination questions

▶ Try answering this question with AI marking (free) →