Explain how genetic engineering can be used to improve crop plants to help feed the growing human population.

OCR GCSE Biology A: Gateway Science (J247) — B6.2 Feeding the human race · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

The global human population is increasing rapidly, placing greater demand on food production. Scientists are exploring ways to modify crop plants to increase the amount of food available.

Model answer (4 marks)

Genetic engineering involves inserting a desired gene from another organism into the genome of the crop plant, thereby introducing a desirable characteristic into the crop plant. For example, a gene that confers resistance to pests or disease, tolerance of drought or harsh conditions, improved nutritional content or increased yield can be inserted. This means more food can be produced or crop losses are reduced, helping to feed more people.

Examiner tips

Use the exact phrase "inserting a desired gene" to show understanding of the technique.
Give a specific example of a trait (e.g. pest resistance) to demonstrate application.
Explain the benefit (more food, less loss) to link to the question’s aim.
Keep the answer concise – 4 marks only.

Common mistakes

Confusing genetic engineering with traditional breeding or GM crops with GMOs. Failing to name a specific desirable characteristic. Using vague terms like "better crops" without explaining how it helps feed people.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

Genetic engineering involves inserting a desired gene from another organism into the genome of the crop plant
This introduces a desirable characteristic into the crop plant
A named example of a desirable characteristic, e.g. resistance to pests/disease, tolerance of drought/harsh conditions, improved nutritional content, increased yield
This means more food can be produced / crop losses are reduced, helping to feed more people

Key terms in this question

genetic engineering