Explain how carbon particulates produced from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels can affect human health and the Earth's climate.

Edexcel GCSE Chemistry (1CH0) — 8.2 Earth and atmospheric science · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

Carbon particulates are produced by incomplete combustion when there is insufficient oxygen.

These particulates can be inhaled into the lungs, causing respiratory irritation, bronchitis and aggravating asthma.

They also scatter and absorb sunlight, leading to global dimming.

Global dimming reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, lowering surface temperatures and altering climate patterns.

Examiner tips

  • Use the exact phrase "incomplete combustion" and "insufficient oxygen" for the first point. Show the health pathway: inhalation → respiratory problems. Link particulates to global dimming and then to surface temperature. Keep each point concise to fit the 4‑mark structure.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing particulate matter with gases (e.g. CO₂) – remember the question asks for particulates. Failing to mention the health impact or the dimming effect. Using vague terms like "air pollution" without specifying carbon particulates.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. Carbon particulates are produced by incomplete combustion (which occurs when there is insufficient oxygen)
  2. Carbon particulates cause health problems for humans
  3. Carbon particulates cause global dimming
  4. Global dimming leads to a reduction in the Earth's surface temperature / affects climate

Key terms in this question

carbon particulates · incomplete combustion

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