Describe two sources of background radiation and explain why the level of background radiation a person is exposed to may vary depending on where they live or work.

AQA GCSE Physics (8463) — 4.4.3 Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background radiation (Phys only) · Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

Natural source: cosmic rays from outer space.
Man‑made source: medical X‑ray machines.
People living in high‑altitude or near granite‑rich mountains receive more cosmic radiation.
Workers in hospitals or nuclear facilities receive higher doses from X‑rays or radioactive materials.

Examiner tips

Use the exact terms ‘cosmic rays’ and ‘X‑ray machines’ to show knowledge of sources.
Mention both natural and man‑made sources to cover all points.
Explain how altitude or geology increases cosmic radiation and how occupation increases exposure.
Keep the answer concise – 4 marks can be earned with 4 short sentences.

Common mistakes

Confusing natural sources with man‑made ones, e.g. listing a coal mine as natural.
Failing to mention the effect of altitude or geology on cosmic radiation.
Using vague phrases like ‘more radiation’ without specifying the source or reason.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

Names one natural source of background radiation
Names one other source of background radiation (natural or man-made)
States that location affects exposure, e.g. living near/above certain rocks increases background radiation
States that occupation affects exposure, e.g. medical workers or those working in nuclear industry receive higher doses

Key terms in this question

background radiation

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