Describe the structure of DNA, including the type of monomers it is made from, and explain how the structure of a polypeptide differs from the structure of DNA.
Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).
Model answer (5 marks)
DNA is a polymer made from nucleotide monomers.
Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a pentose sugar (deoxyribose) and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine.
The four nucleotides link via phosphodiester bonds to form two complementary strands that coil into a right‑handed double helix.
A polypeptide, by contrast, is a polymer of amino acid monomers, not nucleotides. It consists of a single chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, whereas DNA is a double‑stranded helix.
Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a pentose sugar (deoxyribose) and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine.
The four nucleotides link via phosphodiester bonds to form two complementary strands that coil into a right‑handed double helix.
A polypeptide, by contrast, is a polymer of amino acid monomers, not nucleotides. It consists of a single chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, whereas DNA is a double‑stranded helix.
Examiner tips
- Use the word "nucleotide" and list the four bases. Mention the phosphodiester linkage and double helix. State that a polypeptide is a single chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Highlight the difference: single vs double chain.
Common mistakes
- Confusing nucleotides with nucleosides (omitting the phosphate). Saying a polypeptide is double‑stranded. Forgetting to name the four bases or the deoxyribose sugar.
Mark scheme (5 marks)
- DNA is made from nucleotide monomers
- DNA is made from four different nucleotides
- DNA consists of two polymer chains in the form of a double helix
- A polypeptide is made from amino acid monomers (not nucleotides)
- A polypeptide is a single polymer chain, whereas DNA has two polymer chains
Key terms in this question
Related
- All AQA A-Level Chemistry (7405) revision notes →
- How to answer a "Describe" question →
- Decode the mark scheme abbreviations →
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