Describe the structure of DNA, including the type of monomers it is made from, and explain how the structure of a polypeptide differs from the structure of DNA.

AQA A-Level Chemistry (7405) — 3.3.13 Amino acids, proteins and DNA (A-Level only) · Describe · 5 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (5 marks)

DNA is a polymer made from nucleotide monomers.
Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a pentose sugar (deoxyribose) and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine or guanine.
The four nucleotides link via phosphodiester bonds to form two complementary strands that coil into a right‑handed double helix.
A polypeptide, by contrast, is a polymer of amino acid monomers, not nucleotides. It consists of a single chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, whereas DNA is a double‑stranded helix.

Examiner tips

  • Use the word "nucleotide" and list the four bases. Mention the phosphodiester linkage and double helix. State that a polypeptide is a single chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Highlight the difference: single vs double chain.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing nucleotides with nucleosides (omitting the phosphate). Saying a polypeptide is double‑stranded. Forgetting to name the four bases or the deoxyribose sugar.

Mark scheme (5 marks)

  1. DNA is made from nucleotide monomers
  2. DNA is made from four different nucleotides
  3. DNA consists of two polymer chains in the form of a double helix
  4. A polypeptide is made from amino acid monomers (not nucleotides)
  5. A polypeptide is a single polymer chain, whereas DNA has two polymer chains

Key terms in this question

DNA · polypeptide

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