Describe the sequence of events that occur during mitosis, from the stage where chromosomes first become visible to the production of two daughter cells.

Edexcel GCSE Biology (1BI0) — 2.1 Mitosis and the cell cycle · Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible within the nucleus.
During metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the cell equator.
During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles by spindle fibres.
Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, producing two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.

Examiner tips

  • Use the sequence order (prophase → metaphase → anaphase → cytokinesis).
  • Mention chromosomes becoming visible in prophase and that cytokinesis follows anaphase.
  • Keep each stage brief but include the key action (condensation, alignment, separation, division).

Common mistakes

  • Confusing metaphase with anaphase or omitting the visible chromosomes in prophase.
  • Writing that cytokinesis occurs during mitosis instead of after anaphase.
  • Using vague terms like ‘cell division’ instead of specifying chromosomes or cytoplasm.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible (in the nucleus)
  2. During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell equator / middle of the cell
  3. During anaphase, chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres
  4. Cytokinesis occurs — the cytoplasm divides to produce two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Key terms in this question

mitosis

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