Describe the roles of producers and decomposers in an ecosystem.

Eduqas GCSE Biology — 1.6.1 Ecosystems · Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

Producers such as plants and algae absorb light energy and carry out photosynthesis to produce organic molecules that form the food and energy source for other organisms in the ecosystem.
Decomposers break down dead organic material and the remains of dead organisms, releasing mineral ions and nutrients back into the soil or environment for producers to reuse.

Examiner tips

Use the terms "producers" and "decomposers" explicitly. Mention photosynthesis for producers and nutrient recycling for decomposers. Keep the answer concise – 4 points can be covered in two short sentences.

Common mistakes

Confusing producers with consumers. Failing to mention the release of mineral ions by decomposers. Using vague wording such as "plants" only without linking to photosynthesis.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

Producers (e.g. plants/algae) absorb light energy / carry out photosynthesis
Producers make organic molecules / food that provides energy/nutrients for other organisms in the ecosystem
Decomposers break down dead organic material / the remains of dead organisms
Decomposers release mineral ions / nutrients back into the soil / environment for producers to reuse

Key terms in this question

producers · decomposers · ecosystem