Describe how obesity can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Eduqas GCSE Biology — 3.4 Non-communicable diseases in humans · Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

Obesity causes the body's cells to become less sensitive to insulin, a condition known as insulin resistance.
This resistance means glucose is not taken up by cells effectively.
Consequently, blood glucose concentration remains high, rising above normal levels.
Over time, the pancreas cannot compensate, leading to type 2 diabetes.

Examiner tips

  • Use the term "insulin resistance" to show understanding. Explain the sequence: obesity → insulin resistance → high blood glucose → diabetes. Keep each point brief but clear.
  • common_mistakes
  • :
  • Using vague phrases like "cells are damaged" instead of insulin resistance. Failing to mention that high blood glucose is the direct result of insulin resistance. Not linking the high glucose to the eventual development of diabetes.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. Obesity causes the body's cells to become less sensitive / resistant to insulin
  2. This means glucose is not taken up / absorbed into cells effectively
  3. Blood glucose concentration remains high / rises above normal levels
  4. Over time this leads to type 2 diabetes as the body cannot regulate blood glucose concentration

Key terms in this question

obesity · type 2 diabetes

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