Carbon dioxide is produced during respiration in muscle cells and diffuses into the blood. Describe the factors that determine how quickly carbon dioxide diffuses out of a muscle cell.
Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).
Model answer (4 marks)
A greater concentration gradient increases the rate of diffusion
A larger surface area of the cell membrane increases the rate of diffusion
A shorter diffusion distance increases the rate of diffusion
Higher temperature increases the rate of diffusion
A larger surface area of the cell membrane increases the rate of diffusion
A shorter diffusion distance increases the rate of diffusion
Higher temperature increases the rate of diffusion
Examiner tips
- Use the exact wording from the mark scheme; list each factor clearly
- Show the cause–effect relationship (e.g. ‘A greater concentration gradient …’).
Common mistakes
- Mixing up diffusion with active transport; forgetting to mention temperature; omitting the concentration gradient.
Mark scheme (4 marks)
- A greater concentration gradient increases the rate of diffusion
- A larger surface area of the cell membrane increases the rate of diffusion
- A shorter diffusion distance increases the rate of diffusion
- Higher temperature increases the rate of diffusion
Related
- All Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610) revision notes →
- How to answer a "Describe" question →
- Decode the mark scheme abbreviations →
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