A student uses paper chromatography to investigate two food colourings, X and Y. Food colouring X produces three spots and food colouring Y produces one spot. Explain what the chromatography results tell the student about the composition of each food colouring.

AQA GCSE Chemistry (8462) — 4.8.2 Identification of common gases · Explain · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

Food colouring X gives three spots, so it contains three different components – it is a mixture, not a pure compound.
Food colouring Y gives one spot, so it contains only one component – it is a pure substance (a single compound).

Examiner tips

  • Use the word ‘mixture’ for more than one spot and ‘pure substance’ for one spot. Mention the number of spots directly. Keep the answer short – 4 marks only.
  • Avoid saying ‘contains more than one compound’ – just state ‘mixture’ and ‘pure substance’.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. Food colouring X is a mixture (not a pure compound)
  2. Because it produces more than one spot / three spots indicate three different components/compounds are present
  3. Food colouring Y is a pure substance / a single compound
  4. Because a pure compound produces a single spot (in all solvents) / one spot shows only one component is present

Key terms in this question

chromatography

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