A student is investigating how the concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution affects the volume of oxygen gas produced when manganese(IV) oxide is used as a catalyst. Describe how the student should carry out a fair and safe investigation, including how they would collect and measure the volume of oxygen produced.
Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen gas. Manganese(IV) oxide acts as a catalyst for this reaction. A student wants to investigate how changing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide affects the total volume of oxygen gas collected.
Model answer (5 marks)
1. Use the same volume of H₂O₂ for each trial, e.g. 50 mL, and the same mass of MnO₂ (e.g. 0.5 g). 2. Keep the temperature constant, e.g. perform the experiment in a water bath at 25 °C. 3. Add the catalyst to the H₂O₂ and immediately collect the evolved O₂ with a gas syringe or by placing an inverted measuring cylinder over a water trough to displace water. 4. Record the final volume of O₂ collected for each concentration. 5. Repeat each concentration at least twice and calculate a mean to improve reliability. 6. Wear safety goggles, handle H₂O₂ carefully as it is an irritant and work in a well‑ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapours.
Examiner tips
- Use the same volume of H₂O₂ and catalyst mass to control variables
- Collect gas with a gas syringe or water displacement for accurate volume
- Repeat trials and calculate a mean for reliability
- Include a clear safety statement
Common mistakes
- Changing the volume of H₂O₂ or the amount of catalyst
- Not controlling temperature
- Failing to repeat trials or calculate a mean
Mark scheme (5 marks)
- Keep all variables the same except the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (e.g. same volume of hydrogen peroxide solution, same mass of manganese(IV) oxide, same temperature)
- Collect the oxygen gas using a gas syringe or by displacement of water (inverted measuring cylinder over water trough)
- Record the total / final volume of oxygen gas collected for each concentration
- Repeat each concentration at least once (and calculate a mean) to improve reliability
- Safety precaution appropriate to this investigation, e.g. wear safety goggles / handle hydrogen peroxide with care as it is an irritant / work in a well-ventilated area
Key terms in this question
Related
- All OCR A-Level Chemistry A (H432) revision notes →
- How to answer a "Describe" question →
- Decode the mark scheme abbreviations →
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