A skateboarder starts from rest and pushes along a straight, flat path. For the first part of the journey the skateboarder accelerates, then travels at a constant velocity, and finally decelerates to a stop. Describe what a velocity-time graph of the entire journey would look like, referring to the gradient and the area under the line.
Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).
Model answer (4 marks)
The graph consists of three straight‑line sections.
1. From the origin to a point where the velocity first reaches its maximum, the line rises with a positive gradient – this represents uniform acceleration from rest.
2. From that point to the next, the line is horizontal (zero gradient) – this shows the skateboarder moving at constant velocity.
3. From the end of the horizontal section to the point where the velocity returns to zero, the line falls with a negative gradient – this represents uniform deceleration.
The area under the whole curve equals the total distance travelled.
1. From the origin to a point where the velocity first reaches its maximum, the line rises with a positive gradient – this represents uniform acceleration from rest.
2. From that point to the next, the line is horizontal (zero gradient) – this shows the skateboarder moving at constant velocity.
3. From the end of the horizontal section to the point where the velocity returns to zero, the line falls with a negative gradient – this represents uniform deceleration.
The area under the whole curve equals the total distance travelled.
Examiner tips
- Use the word "straight‑line" to show uniform change; mention the gradient signs. State that the horizontal section has zero gradient. Remember that the area under the V‑t graph gives distance.
- common_mistakes
- :
- Drawing a curved acceleration/deceleration section instead of a straight line. Forgetting that the horizontal section has zero gradient. Confusing the area with the total time rather than distance.
Mark scheme (4 marks)
- The first section of the graph is a straight line with a positive gradient, showing uniform acceleration from rest.
- The middle section is a horizontal straight line (zero gradient), showing constant velocity.
- The final section is a straight line with a negative gradient, showing uniform deceleration back to zero velocity.
- The area under the entire graph equals the total distance travelled by the skateboarder.
Key terms in this question
velocity-time graph · gradient · constant velocity
Related
- All Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics (4PH1) revision notes →
- How to answer a "Describe" question →
- Decode the mark scheme abbreviations →
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