A skateboarder starts from rest and pushes along a straight, flat path. For the first part of the journey the skateboarder accelerates, then travels at a constant velocity, and finally decelerates to a stop. Describe what a velocity-time graph of the entire journey would look like, referring to the gradient and the area under the line.

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Physics (4PH1) — 1.2 Movement and position · Describe · 4 marks · View as Markdown

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Model answer (4 marks)

The graph consists of three straight‑line sections.
1. From the origin to a point where the velocity first reaches its maximum, the line rises with a positive gradient – this represents uniform acceleration from rest.
2. From that point to the next, the line is horizontal (zero gradient) – this shows the skateboarder moving at constant velocity.
3. From the end of the horizontal section to the point where the velocity returns to zero, the line falls with a negative gradient – this represents uniform deceleration.
The area under the whole curve equals the total distance travelled.

Examiner tips

  • Use the word "straight‑line" to show uniform change; mention the gradient signs. State that the horizontal section has zero gradient. Remember that the area under the V‑t graph gives distance.
  • common_mistakes
  • :
  • Drawing a curved acceleration/deceleration section instead of a straight line. Forgetting that the horizontal section has zero gradient. Confusing the area with the total time rather than distance.

Mark scheme (4 marks)

  1. The first section of the graph is a straight line with a positive gradient, showing uniform acceleration from rest.
  2. The middle section is a horizontal straight line (zero gradient), showing constant velocity.
  3. The final section is a straight line with a negative gradient, showing uniform deceleration back to zero velocity.
  4. The area under the entire graph equals the total distance travelled by the skateboarder.

Key terms in this question

velocity-time graph · gradient · constant velocity

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