# Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be caused by different types of pathogen. State what type of pathogen causes HIV and describe two ways in which HIV can be transmitted between individuals other than through sexual intercourse.

> Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610) — 16.5 Sexually transmitted infections · State and Describe · 4 marks

## Mark scheme (4 marks)

1. HIV is caused by a virus
2. HIV can be transmitted through sharing contaminated needles / syringes (intravenous drug use)
3. HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
4. HIV is transmitted through infected body fluids / blood (making clear that direct contact with infected blood or body fluids is required)

## Key terms

- [HIV](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/glossary/hiv)

## Related

- [Revision notes for Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/learn)
- [How to answer "State and Describe" questions](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/tools/command-word-cheatsheet)
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Source: [GradeNine](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/q/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-can-be-403cc110) · Published by Druglandscape Ltd.