# Explain why metals are malleable and why alloys are generally less malleable than the pure metals from which they are formed.

> IB DP Chemistry Standard Level (2023 syllabus) — S2.3 The metallic model · Explain · 4 marks

## Mark scheme (4 marks)

1. In a pure metal, the positive ions (cations/kernels) are arranged in layers that can slide over one another.
2. The delocalised electrons maintain electrostatic attraction to positive ions in any new position, so the structure does not break apart.
3. In an alloy, atoms of different size are introduced, which distort/disrupt the regular lattice.
4. This disruption prevents layers from sliding easily, making the alloy harder and less malleable than the pure metal.

## Key terms

- [alloy](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/glossary/alloy)

## Related

- [Revision notes for IB DP Chemistry Standard Level (2023 syllabus)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/learn)
- [How to answer "Explain" questions](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/tools/command-word-cheatsheet)
- [Practice this with AI marking (free)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/start)

---
Source: [GradeNine](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/q/explain-why-metals-are-malleable-and-ffe3570d) · Published by Druglandscape Ltd.