# Explain how the structure of a goblet cell is related to its function in the digestive tract.

> IB DP Biology Standard Level (2023 syllabus) — B2.3 Cell specialisation · Explain · 4 marks

> Goblet cells are unicellular glands found interspersed among the epithelial lining of the small and large intestines. They are highly specialised secretory cells.

## Mark scheme (4 marks)

1. Goblet cells produce and secrete mucus (glycoproteins/mucins), which lubricates the intestinal lining to protect it from mechanical damage and digestive enzymes.
2. Goblet cells contain an extensive Golgi apparatus, which packages and modifies mucin glycoproteins into secretory vesicles ready for exocytosis.
3. Goblet cells possess abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), which synthesises the large quantities of mucin proteins required for continuous secretion.
4. The apical region of goblet cells is expanded and filled with mucin-containing secretory vesicles (giving the characteristic goblet shape), allowing large volumes of mucus to be released by exocytosis at the luminal surface.

## Key terms

- [goblet cell](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/glossary/goblet-cell)

## Related

- [Revision notes for IB DP Biology Standard Level (2023 syllabus)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/learn)
- [How to answer "Explain" questions](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/tools/command-word-cheatsheet)
- [Practice this with AI marking (free)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/start)

---
Source: [GradeNine](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/q/explain-how-the-structure-of-a-6fd46a86) · Published by Druglandscape Ltd.