# Explain how a cactus plant is adapted to survive in a hot desert environment.

> AQA GCSE Biology (8461) — 4.7.1 Adaptations, interdependence and competition · Explain · 4 marks

> Cacti are plants that live in hot desert environments where water is scarce and temperatures are extreme.

## Mark scheme (4 marks)

1. Thick/swollen stem (or fleshy stem) stores water
2. Spines instead of leaves reduce water loss (by transpiration / reducing surface area)
3. Extensive/wide-spreading or deep root system to absorb as much water as possible
4. Pale/light-coloured or waxy surface (cuticle) reflects sunlight / reduces overheating / reduces water loss

## Related

- [Revision notes for AQA GCSE Biology (8461)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/learn)
- [How to answer "Explain" questions](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/tools/command-word-cheatsheet)
- [Practice this with AI marking (free)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/start)

---
Source: [GradeNine](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/q/explain-how-a-cactus-plant-is-78dc1aaf) · Published by Druglandscape Ltd.