# Describe the role of the skin in maintaining a constant internal body temperature when a person moves from a warm room into cold outdoor conditions.

> Cambridge International IGCSE Biology (0610) — 14.4 Homeostasis · Describe · 4 marks

## Mark scheme (4 marks)

1. Hairs are raised / erect (by contraction of hair erector muscles) to trap an insulating layer of air
2. Blood vessels in the skin constrict (vasoconstriction) to reduce blood flow near the skin surface
3. Less heat is lost / radiated from the skin surface (because less blood reaches the skin surface)
4. Shivering occurs / muscles contract rapidly, which generates heat through (increased) respiration

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