# Describe how plants defend themselves against attack by pathogens and insects.

> AQA GCSE Biology (8461) — 4.3.3 Plant disease (Bio only) · Describe · 4 marks

## Mark scheme (4 marks)

1. Waxy cuticle on leaves acts as a physical barrier (prevents pathogen entry)
2. Cell walls (made of cellulose) act as a physical barrier
3. Plants produce antibacterial chemicals / antimicrobial substances that kill or inhibit pathogens
4. Plants produce poisons / toxins that deter insects (or other herbivores) from eating them

## Related

- [Revision notes for AQA GCSE Biology (8461)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/learn)
- [How to answer "Describe" questions](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/tools/command-word-cheatsheet)
- [Practice this with AI marking (free)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/start)

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