# A student uses a spanner to tighten a bolt. The student pushes on the end of the spanner handle with a force. Explain how using a longer spanner handle makes it easier to tighten the bolt, and state the principle that determines whether the bolt will turn.

> Eduqas GCSE Physics — 3.3 Moments, levers and gears · Explain · 4 marks

> A spanner is a type of lever. The bolt acts as the pivot point. The student applies a force at the end of the handle.

## Mark scheme (4 marks)

1. The moment (turning effect) depends on both the force applied and the distance from the pivot
2. A longer handle increases the distance from the pivot (bolt), so the moment is larger for the same applied force
3. A larger moment means a greater turning effect on the bolt, making it easier to tighten
4. The principle of moments states that the bolt will turn (or be in equilibrium) when the total clockwise moment equals the total anticlockwise moment about the pivot

## Related

- [Revision notes for Eduqas GCSE Physics](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/learn)
- [How to answer "Explain" questions](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/tools/command-word-cheatsheet)
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Source: [GradeNine](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/q/a-student-uses-a-spanner-to-f3334241) · Published by Druglandscape Ltd.