# A decorator uses a sanding block to smooth a wooden floor by pushing it horizontally across the surface. Explain why work is done against friction and describe the energy transfer that takes place.

> AQA GCSE Physics (8463) — 4.5.2 Work done and energy transfer · Explain · 4 marks

## Mark scheme (4 marks)

1. A force is applied to the sanding block in the direction of motion / along the line of action of the force
2. Friction acts in the opposite direction to the motion / opposes the movement of the sanding block
3. Work is done because a force causes the block to move through a distance / work done = force × distance moved in the direction of the force
4. Work done against friction causes the kinetic energy of the decorator / block to be transferred to thermal energy (heat) in the block and floor / causes a rise in temperature

## Key terms

- [friction](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/glossary/friction)
- [energy transfer](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/glossary/energy-transfer)

## Related

- [Revision notes for AQA GCSE Physics (8463)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/learn)
- [How to answer "Explain" questions](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/tools/command-word-cheatsheet)
- [Practice this with AI marking (free)](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/start)

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Source: [GradeNine](https://www.gradenine.co.uk/q/a-decorator-uses-a-sanding-block-83acd0d2) · Published by Druglandscape Ltd.