Exothermic vs Endothermic: what's the difference?

GCSE Chemistry

Two types of energy change in a reaction — whether energy is given out to, or taken in from, the surroundings.

Written & reviewed by James Millett — Biology (Imperial College London), PGCE Science (University of Cambridge).

Exothermic vs Endothermic — side by side

ExothermicEndothermic
EnergyReleased to the surroundingsTaken in from the surroundings
Temperature of surroundingsIncreases (feels hot)Decreases (feels cold)
Energy of productsLower than reactantsHigher than reactants
ExamplesCombustion, neutralisation, most oxidationThermal decomposition, photosynthesis, some dissolving

Exam tip — how to tell them apart: EXOthermic = energy EXits (temperature rises). Endothermic takes energy in (temperature falls).

Common trap: On an energy profile, exothermic products sit BELOW reactants; endothermic products sit above.

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